Two new studies published in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine suggest that legalizing marijuana reduces the use of opioid prescriptions, according to a report by CNN.
The studies compared patterns of opioid prescriptions in states that have and have not enacted cannabis legalization laws. One looked at opioid prescriptions covered by Medicare Part D between 2010 and 2015. The other studied opioid prescriptions covered by Medicaid between 2011 and 2016.
The optional prescription drug benefit plan for Medicare recipients, Medicare Part D, covers more than 42 million Americans, including people 65 and older. Medicaid provides health coverage benefits for more than 73 million low-income recipients.
Compared with states without medical cannabis laws, states that allow the use of medical marijuana saw 2.21 million fewer daily doses of prescribed opioids per year under Medicare Part D and opioid prescriptions decreased by nearly 6 percent.
“This study adds one more brick in the wall in the argument that cannabis clearly has medical applications,” said lead author of the Medicare study, David Bradford, a professor of public administration and policy at the University of Georgia, in the CNN report. “And for pain patients in particular, our work adds to the argument that cannabis can be effective.”
Opioid prescriptions also were substantially lower in states that allow recreational use of cannabis.
“We saw a 9% or 10% reduction in Colorado and Oregon,” said lead author of the Medicaid study, Hefei Wen, assistant professor of health management and policy at the University of Kentucky. “And in Alaska and Washington, the magnitude was a little bit smaller but still significant.”
More than 42,000 Americans die each year from opioid overdose, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). That breaks down to about 90 deaths each day.
“No one has ever died of cannabis, so it has many safety advantages over opiates,” Bradford said. “And to the extent that we’re trying to manage the opiate crisis, cannabis is a potential tool.”